Hand loom



Nav. 17, 1942. R BEXELL 2,302,519

' HAND LOOM Filed June 11, 1941 4 sheets-sheet 1 4' 7J?. /ff

m' 'A M- Nov. 17, 1942. J. P. BEXELL 2,302,519"

HAND LOOM Filed June 1'1, 1941 4 sheets-sing 2 UOOOGGUOOU' 5, n ma" /M3mm J. P. BEXELL HAND' LooM Nov. 17', '1942.

Filed June 11, 1941 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 eff/4- di.,

Nov. 17,` I1942. J. l5. BEXELI.

HAND LOOM 4 sheets-sheet 4 Filed June 11, 1941 i www c/'Eexeil PatentedNov. 17, 1942 UNITED STATES PATENT QFFICE HAND-LOOM John P. Bexell,Pontiac, Mich.

Application June 11, 1941, Serial No. 397,601

1 Claim.

This invention relates tohand looms. .An object of this'invention is toprovide a hand .operated loom Awhich is simple in construction and maybe used with various types of yarns.

.Another object of this invention is to provide .a rloom of thischaracter having an improved :beater for beating or packing the weft,the beater being swingably supported by an improved mechanism, whichwill permit the shifting of the 'fulcrum and raising or lowering of thebeater tov thereby position the beater in the desired position forconvenient operation.

.A further object of .this invention is to pro- `vide a loom of thiskind in which springs have .beenomitted for operation of the heddleharnesses, the harnesses being shifted in one direc- Ytionbycounterbalancing lams, and shifted in the `other `direction by footoperated pedals or levers.

ations.

A further object of this invention is to provide improved winding drumsfor the Warp and the woven cloth, which will vprovide an even tension onvthe warp.

To the` foregoing objects and to others which may hereinafter appear,the invention consists ;of'.the novel construction, combination andarrangement of parts as will be more specifically referred to andillustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein is shown an embodimentof :the invention, but it is to be understood that changes, variationsand modifications may be resorted to which fall within the scope of theinvention as claimed.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a detail front elevation of a hand operated loom constructedaccording to an embodiment of this invention,

Figure 2 is a detail rear elevation of the loom, Figure 3 is a detailside elevation partly broken away and in section of the loom,

.Figure 4 is a sectional View taken on the line -4-4 of Figure 1,VFigure 5 is a fragmentary side elevation partly .broken away and insection of the cloth drum support, and

Figure 6 is asectional View taken on the line 6 6 of Figure 3.

ldesignates .generally .a frame structure which includes verticallydisposed rside members generally designated as II and I2, whichareconnected together .by a plurality of horizontally disposed transverse.connectingmembers to be hereinafter described. The two side members IIand .I2 .are

ofidentical construction and the description of -oneofthese sidemembers, such as theside mem- -berI I, will apply .equally as wellto thedescription of `theside frame member I2.

rf'lhe side frame member I I includes a vertically disposed front postI3 and a rear vertically disiposed p ost or frame member I4, which issubstantially longer .than the front frame member .13. .A .horizontallydisposed connecting bar I5 .connects the lower end portions of the frame.members ql-3 and Itogether, theopposite ends of the-'connecting bar I5being provided with tenons I6, :which are adapted to beadhesvely securedin .mortises Il which .are formed in the lVertical frame members I3 andI-.Il at a point slightly upward from the lower ends of the framemembers'l and I4. An upper horizontally disposed ,and forwardlyextending bar I8, which is formed at .itsxrear end with a tenon I9engaging in .a

posed bracing member 2I. The bracing member 2I is .formed with a tenon22 engaging in .a

'mortise 23 formed in the lower side of the upper supporting bar I8 at apoint intermediate the ends of the bar I8.

The lower end of the bracing bar 2I is also formed with a .similar tenonengaging in a mortise formed 'in .the upper side of the lower connectingbar I5. The side member Il also irlcludes a horizontally disposedforward bar 24, which is formedat the opposite ends thereof with tenons25 and y26 engaging n'mortises 21 and 28 formed `in the rear side of thevertical frame member I3 and .the forward side of the connecting orbracingI member 2| respectively. A Verti -cally disposed bearingsupporting member 29 is formed at the opposite ends thereof with tenons-Sengaging in mortises 3| formed respectively in the connecting member24 and the upper side of the connecting member I5. The bearing member orsupport 29 is disposed substantially midway between the fr ont `framemember I3 and the vertical connecting member 2|.

The twoside frame members II and I2 are connected together at theirforward portions by means of a lower forward connecting bar 32,v

Referring to the drawings the numeral I0 55 whichis formed at theopposite-ends thereof with :bers

reduced tongues 33 and 34 extending through openings 35 and 35respectively formed in the lower end portions of the front frame membersi3. The tongues 33 and 34 are each formed with openings or slots 31 and38 respectively in which wedges 39 and 40 are adapted to engage. Thewedges 39 and 40 engage on the Outer sides of the frame members I3 so asto tightly hold these frame members relative to the horizontal frontconnecting bar 32. A rear lower connecting bar 4i is formed at theopposite ends thereof with reduced tongues or extensions 42 and 43engageable through openings provided in the rear frame members I4 andwedges 44 and 45 engage through the tongue openings and against theouter sides of the frame members I4, so as to tightly hold the rearvertical frame members I4 relative to the horizontal rear frame member4I.

An upper connecting frame bar 46 is provided at the opposite endsthereof with reduced tongues 41. and wedges 48engage through slots orelongated openings 49 formed in the tongues 41, so as to tightly holdthe upper horizontal frame mem- I8 together. An intermediate connectingbar 50 formed at the opposite ends thereof with yreduced tongues Iengaging through openings A52 formed in the Vertical connecting members2I is tightly heldbetween the vertical frame members 2I by means ofwedges 53. By connecting the side frame members. II and I2 togethervthrough the medium of the horizontally disposed connecting bars whichare held in position by wedges, the side frame members II and I2 arethus detachably connected together and by forming each side member as aunit with the several parts forming each side member glued together .theframe structure will not become loosened under normal vibrations in theuse and operation of the loom and the loom may be taken apart andreassembled Without the use of tools `other than a hammer or the like.

A breast roll 54 is rotatably disposed between the upper end portionsofthe front frame members I3 being mounted on pivot members 55, whichengage through the frame members I3. A cloth winding roll or drumgenerally designated as 55 is rotatably disposed between the two framemembers I I and I2 and includes a drum member 51, which is of octagonalconfiguration in transverse section and is formed at the opposite endsthereof with trunnions 58 and 59, which rotatably engage through thebearing supporting members 29. The bearing supporting member 29 isprovided with an Opening 60 and one side of the supporting member 29 isformed with a V-shaped cutout 9i in which a V-shaped bearing cap 62 isadapted to engage. The cap 62 is held in operative position by means ofa pair of bolts k53, which engage through the upper and lower portionsof the cap 62 and through the bearing supporting member 29 as shown inFigure 5.

The trunnion 59 is formed with a reduced shaft extensionl 64 which maybe square in transverse section and a hand wheel 65 is mounted on theextension 64 so that rotation of the wheel 65 will rotate the drummember 51, so as to Wind the cloth thereabout The inner side of thewheel B5 has secured thereto a ratchet or toothed annular member 66 anda pawl 61 mounted on a pivot 68, carried by the upper connecting bar24,V

Vof radially arranged handles 69, which are inclined outwardly withrespect to the side member Il, as shown in Figure 1.

A warp drum generally designated as 10 is rotatably carried by the rearportion of the frame structure I0 and includes a drum member 1I, whichis octagonal in transverse section and is provided at the opposite endsthereof with trunnions 'i2 and 13. The rear uprights II are eachprovided with a rearwardly extending bearing block 14, which is fixed tothe rear edge of the upright II at a point upwardly fromthe lower endthereof and the trunnions 12 and 13' engage through the bearing blocks14. The trunnion 13 is formed with a square shaft extension 15 on whicha hand wheel 16 is iixedly mounted. The hand wheel 16 includes aplurality of radially arranged and outwardly inclined handles 11, asshown in Figure 2. The drum member 1I is adapted to have the warp yarnwound thereabout and this yarn is then extended forwardly over thebreast roll 54 and wound about the drum 51. A ratchet 18 is xed' to oneend of the drum member 1I and a pawl 19 carried by an elongated lever orpawl operator 89 is adapted to engage the ratchet 18, so as to hold thedrum member 1I against rotation in one direction. The real end portionof the lever 89 is pivotally mounted on a pivot member I carried by oneof the bearing blocks 14 at a point above the ratchet 18 so that thelever or operator 89 will gravitatingly hold the pawl 19 in engagementwith a selected tooth of the ratchet 18. The lever extends forwardly anddownwardly to a convenient position Where it may be operated by a personsitting at the forward end of the frame structure I0. A horizontallydisposed connecting bar 82 is fixed at the opposite ends thereof to theupper horizontal connecting bars 24 and extends therebetween above thecloth drum 55.

A plurality of heddle harnesses or frames generally designated as 83 aremovably suspended within the frame structure I0. The harnesses 83 are ofconventional construction and are each provided with yarn guiding eyes84 through which the yarn 85 is adapted to loosely pass. A rockableupper lever or lam 86 is provided; for each heddle frame 83 and the lamsor levers 86 are pivotally mounted on a pivot member 81 engaging througha pair of upper transveresly extending supporting bars 88 and 89. Thebars 88 and 89 are secured to the upper horizontal frame members I8forwardly of the connecting bar 46 and the pivot pin 81 is provided witha head or enlarged end portion 90 forming a handle so that the pin 81may be readily withdrawn from the supporting bars 88 and 89. A key orcotter 9! is adapted to engage through the end of the pin 81 oppositefrom the handle 9D, so as to held the pin 81 against endwise movement.The pin or pivot member 8! engages through the lam or lever 86 at apoint intermediate the ends of the lam or lever 86 and at one side ofthe transverse center. An eye 92 is carried by the short end 93 of thelam 86 and a harness sus'- pending cord or flexible suspension element94 engages through the eye 92 and is connected to a heddle framestructure 83.

A lower balancing lam or lever 95 is pivotally mounted on a pivot member96 in the form of a shaft which extends through the upright bracingmember 2I and is countersunk or embedded in one of the upright bearingsupportingv members 29. The free end of the lower balancing lam 95 hasan eye 91 secured thereto and a exible connecting member. 98 isconnected'at -ohe end to the eye '91 yand-at the 'other or upper orlocking member |22 to facilitate movement end to an eye 99, which iscarried by the long side |90 ofthe upper lam or lever '86.

`There is a rockable pedal or foot lever 19| for -each balancing la-m U'and the several Apedals lill are rockably mounted onia shaft -ll whichis carried by a-'pair of depending bearing mem- Ebar 4|. A plurality-'ofspacer members |95 may be mounted `on the shaft H32 loutwardly from thepedals or levers lill, so that if desired an additional number` ofpedals may be mounted on the shaft |92 where additional harnesses are tobe provided for the loom. The shaft |92 is held against endwise movementby means of a pair of pins or keys |95 which engage against the outersides of the bearings |93. Each pedal or harness operator lill isconnected to a lower balancing lam or lever 95 by means of a iiexibleconnecting member |96 which at its lower end engages in an eye |01carried by a pedal |9| and at its upper end engages in an eye |98carried by the lower side of a lower lam or balancing lever 95.

There is also provided for each harness 83 a counterbalancing lam or`lever |99, which is rockably mounted on a shaft Iii! engaging throughthe upright members 2| and 29. The lam |99 is connected with acorresponding heddle frame or harness 83 by means of a flexibleconnecting member which at its lower end engages in an eye I2 carried bythe upper side of the counterbalancing lam or lever |89 and at its upperend engages an eye ||3 carried by the lower end portion of a heddleframe structure 33. The counterbalancing larns |09 are of such weight asto gravitatingly and normally maintain a heddle frame structure 83 in alowermost position. Downward rocking of a pedal |l|| will raise aselected heddle frame 83 and in normal operation the selected one ormore of the pedals ||3| are held in a lowermost position to therebyraise the selected heddle frames in order to provide the desired shedbetween selected warp yarns 85.

A weft beater structure generally designated as ||4 is swingably carriedby the frame structure I9 and includes a pair of horizontally disposedframe members ||5 and ||6 which are connected together by verticallydisposed side frame members or bars ||1. The side frame members ||1extend upwardly above the two parallel beater frame members |l5 and ||6,as shown in Figures 3 and 4 of the drawings. A reed structure |98 isdisposed between the two lower beater frame members ||5 and IIE and maybe of any desired construction depending generally upon the character ofthe yarn forming the warp and weft. The side frame members or suspensionbars ||1 extend upwardly and are loosely disposed in openings ||9, whichare formed adjacent the opposite ends of a horizontally disposedconnecting bar |29, which connects the upper end portions of the bars||1 together. The upper ends of the suspension bars ||1 are providedwith a plurality of vertically spaced apart openings or sockets |2| in aselected one of which a cylindrical bolt or lock |22 is adapted toengage, so as tc thereby position the reed structure ||8 in the desiredrelation with respect to the warp yarns 85. The bolt or locking member|22 is slidable in guides |23 xed to the upper side of the connectingbar |29 and a handle or knob |24 is carried by the bolt of the Ibolt ina selected 'socket or recess |2|.

.Each upper horizontal vframe member I8 has mounted on the 'upper sidethereof a vertically IZS. IThe plate |25 is 4formed with a ber/l |8. Theupper connecting bar |25 has fixed adjacent the opposite ends thereofand inwardly from the suspension bars |`|1 a pair of' downwardlyextending plates or pivot members |29 which are adapted to engage inselected notches |26 of the plate |25. The plate or pivot member |29 hassecured to the upper end thereof a base plate |30, which is xed byfastening devices |3| to the under side of the connecting bar |20. Inthis manner the beater member H4 may be swingably suspended from theupper frame members I8 in the desired position with respect to thebreast roll 54 and the heddle frame members 83. Each pivot member orplate |29 is formed with a downwardly extending tongue or lug |32, whichis adapted to engage against the inner side of the plate |25 so that theupper frame bar |29 will be held against endwise movement by the twotongues or lugs |32 carried by the two plates or pivot members |29.

In the use and operation of this loom structure the warp yarn is adaptedto be initially wound about the warp drum 1| and then extended forwardlyfrom this drum through the eyes 84 of the heddle frames 93 and from theheddle frames S3 extended about the breast roll 54 and initially startedon the cloth drum member 51. The desired pedals or frame operators |9|are depressed so as to thereby raise selected ones of the heddle frames83 in order to form the conventional shed through which the shuttle isadapted to pass. The beater structure ||4 is adapted to be suspendedfrom the upper frame members l in the most convenient or desiredposition with respect to the yarn strands which are positioned betweenthe heddle frames 83 and the breast roll 54.

By providing the drum members 51 and 1| with an octagonal outer surfacethese drum members will hold the warp yarn under better tension thandrum members of circular configuration in transverse section or adifferent outer surface. As the weaving progresses the cloth drum member51 is rotated in a clockwise direction as viewed in Figure 3, and at thesamev time this drum member 51 is rotated in a clockwise direction towind the cloth thereabout, the releasing lever is raised so as to movethe pawl 19 to a released position with respect to the ratchet 1|. Thereleasing lever 89 may be given a vertical rocking movement with therotation of the cloth winding drum 5'! so that the unwinding of the warpdrum 1| will be accomplished in a step-bystep movement. Release of thepawl operating lever 89 will gravitatingly effect engagement of the pawl19 with a selected tooth of the ratchet 19 so as to hold the warp drum1| against unwinding. rlhe desired tension may be applied to the warpyarn by rotation of the cloth drum 51 without rotation of the warp drum1|.

What I claim is:

In a hand loom, a frame, a plurality of heddle harnesses in said frame,a suspension lever for each harness, means pivotally mounting saidlevers in the upper portion of said frame, means supporting said harnessfrom said suspension lever, a second or balancing lever for eachharness, means pivotally supporting said second levers in the lowerportion of the frame, means connecting the free end of each of saidsecond levers to each of said first levers respectively, a third orcounterbalancing lever for each harness, means pivotally mounting an endof each third lever in said frame between said second levers and saidharnesses, means connecting the free end of each of said third leverswith the lower portions of each harness respectively, a combinedharness'operating pedal and balancing lever for each harness, meanspivotally mounting said pedals in said frame below said second levers,and means connecting each of said pedals to each of said second leversrespectively, downward pressure on selected ones of said pedalseffecting elevation of selected ones of said harnesses, the remaining ofsaid harnesses being gravitatingly held in a lowered position by weightof said third levers.

JOHN P. BEXELL.

